Njengoba imboni yezicathulo zomhlaba wonke isheshisa ukuguquka kwayo ibe yindawo eluhlaza, ubuhlakani, kanye nekhwalithi ephezulu, into enamathelayo eyinhloko - inhlaka encibilikayo eyenziwe ngezicathulo - iletha ithuba elisha lokuthuthukiswa. Ngezinzuzo zayo ezihlukile zokuvikelwa kwemvelo, ukusebenza kahle okuphezulu, ukubopha okuqinile, kanye nokuzivumelanisa nezimo okubanzi, le nhlaka entsha kancane kancane ithatha indawo yenhlaka yendabuko esekelwe ku-solvent, ichaza kabusha amazinga okubopha ekukhiqizweni kwezicathulo, futhi iba yithonya elibalulekile lokuthuthukisa imboni yezinto zezicathulo. Isetshenziswe kabanzi ekuxhumaneni okuhlukahlukene kokukhiqiza izicathulo, kusukela ekubopheni okuphezulu kuya ekuqineni kwe-sole, ifaka amandla amasha ekuthuthukisweni kwekhwalithi ephezulu yemboni yezicathulo yomhlaba wonke.

I-hot melt adhesive eyenziwe ngezicathulo iwumkhiqizo we-thermoplastic adhesive owenzelwe ngokukhethekile ukukhiqiza izicathulo. Iqinile ekamelweni lokushisa futhi iyancibilika ngokushesha uma ishiswa iye ezingeni lokushisa elithile (ngokuvamile 80-180℃ ngokwezinhlobo ezahlukene). Ngemva kokupholisa nokuqina, ingakha isibopho esiqinile nesizinzile phakathi kwezinto ezahlukene zezicathulo. Ngokungafani ne-adhesive yendabuko esekelwe ku-solvent equkethe ama-organic compounds aguquguqukayo (ama-VOC) futhi anesikhathi eside sokuqina, i-hot melt adhesive eyenziwe ngezicathulo ifinyelela ibhalansi ephelele phakathi kokuvikelwa kwemvelo, ukusebenza kahle kokucubungula, kanye nokusebenza kokubopha. Ihlukaniswe ngezinhlobo ezintathu eziyinhloko ngokuya ngezinga lokushisa lokuncibilika: izinga lokushisa eliphansi, izinga lokushisa eliphakathi, kanye nezinga lokushisa eliphezulu, ezingakhethwa kalula ngokuya ngezinto ezahlukene zezicathulo nezidingo zokucubungula, njengesikhumba sokwenziwa, isikhumba sangempela, indwangu, i-EVA, kanye nerabha, ehlanganisa zonke izinhlobo zokukhiqiza izicathulo. Njenge-adhesive enobungani nemvelo futhi esebenza kahle, isibe yinto ebalulekile ebaluleke kakhulu ekukhiqizeni izicathulo zesimanje, ehlobene kakhulu nekhwalithi, induduzo, kanye nokuqina kwemikhiqizo yezicathulo.

Imikhuba Yentuthuko Yasekhaya Nakwamanye Amazwe

Imakethe Yasekhaya

Isimo Sokungenisa Nokuthumela Ngaphandle: Umthamo wokuthumela ngaphandle we-hot melt glue eyenziwe ngezicathulo yaseShayina ubulokhu ukhula unyaka nonyaka eminyakeni yamuva nje, uqhutshwa yisidingo esinamandla semakethe yezicathulo zomhlaba wonke kanye nokuthuthuka okuqhubekayo kwekhwalithi yomkhiqizo wasekhaya. Ngo-2023, inani eliphelele lokuthumela ngaphandle lifinyelele kumadola aseMelika ayizigidi ezingu-380, ikakhulukazi athengiswa eNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia, eYurophu, eNyakatho Melika, naseNingizimu Melika, phakathi kwawo i-hot melt glue eshisa kakhulu yaba ngu-65% womthamo wokuthumela ngaphandle ngenxa yokuzivumelanisa kwayo kabanzi nezinto zezicathulo ezifana nesikhumba sokwenziwa kanye nendwangu. Kulindeleke ukuthi isikali sokuthumela ngaphandle sizofinyelela kumadola aseMelika ayizigidi ezingu-550 ngo-2025. Ukungenisa ngaphakathi ikakhulukazi kuyimikhiqizo ye-hot melt glue esebenzayo ephezulu kanye nemishini yokukhiqiza ebalulekile, enezinga elithile lokuthembela kubuchwepheshe obuthuthukisiwe bangaphandle, kodwa amabhizinisi asekhaya asheshisa ukuthuthuka kwezobuchwepheshe kanye nocwaningo oluzimele kanye nentuthuko ukuze kuncishiswe igebe futhi kuthuthukiswe ukuncintisana okuyinhloko.

Imakethe Yomhlaba Wonke

Ukwanda Kosayizi Wemakethe: Kubikezelwa ukuthi ngo-2025, usayizi wemakethe yomhlaba wonke we-hot melt glue eyenziwe ngezicathulo uzofinyelela kumadola ayizigidigidi eziyi-140 aseMelika, ngesilinganiso sokukhula saminyaka yonke esihlanganisiwe esingaphezu kuka-6%. Ngo-2024, usayizi wemakethe yomhlaba wonke wemikhiqizo ye-hot melt glue eyenziwe ngezicathulo enobungani nemvelo ifinyelele kumadola ayizigidigidi ezingama-45 aseMelika, okubalwa u-32% wemakethe iyonke, futhi kulindeleke ukuthi igcine izinga lokukhula eliphezulu elingaphezu kuka-10% eminyakeni ezayo, eliqhutshwa yizinqubomgomo zokuvikela imvelo zomhlaba wonke kanye nesidingo sabathengi sezicathulo ezisezingeni eliphezulu. Ngokukhula okuqhubekayo kwemboni yokukhiqiza izicathulo zomhlaba wonke kanye nokujula kokuguqulwa okuluhlaza, isidingo semakethe se-hot melt glue eyenziwe ngezicathulo sizoqhubeka nokukhula.

Ukungalingani Kokukhula Kwesifunda: Isifunda sase-Asia-Pacific, ikakhulukazi iShayina neNdiya, sinamandla amakhulu okukhula, kanti izinga lokukhula lonyaka elihlanganisiwe lobukhulu bemakethe lidlula u-8%. Sizuza ekuthuthukisweni okusheshayo kwemboni yokukhiqiza izicathulo kanye nokusekelwa okuqinile kwezinqubomgomo zikazwelonke, isidingo se-hot melt glue eyenziwe ngezicathulo sikhula ngokushesha. INyakatho Melika neYurophu, njengezimakethe ezivuthiwe, zibonisa ukukhula okuzinzile, ngesilinganiso sokukhula esingu-4%-6% minyaka yonke. Siqhutshwa ukusungula izinto ezintsha kwezobuchwepheshe kanye nesidingo sokuvikelwa kwemvelo, isidingo se-hot melt glue esisebenza kahle kakhulu siyakhula. Nakuba usayizi wemakethe eNingizimu Melika nase-Afrika uncane kakhulu, unesilinganiso sokukhula okusheshayo, kanye namathuba amakhulu okuthuthukiswa kwemakethe esikhathini esizayo.

Ukukhuthazwa Kwesidingo Semvelo: Ukunaka umhlaba wonke ekuthuthukisweni okusimeme kukhuthaze kakhulu intuthuko yemboni yokunamathela okushisayo okwenziwe ngezicathulo. Ukugxila okwandayo kwabathengi emikhiqizweni enobungani nemvelo kanye nokuqiniswa kwezinqubomgomo zokuvikela imvelo emazweni ahlukahlukene kwenze i-hot melt glue eyenziwe ngezicathulo, engenazo izinyibilikisi, engenabuthi, futhi engaphinde isetshenziswe, yaba yindawo entsha yokukhula emakethe yezinto zezicathulo. Isibonelo, amazinga e-EU REACH kanye ne-RoHS akhawulele ngokusobala ukusetshenziswa kwezinamathiseli ezisekelwe ku-solvent, okuhlinzeka ngendawo ebanzi yemakethe ye-hot melt glue eyenziwe ngezicathulo enobungani nemvelo. Okwamanje, imakethe yokunamathela okungokwemvelo yomhlaba wonke kulindeleke ukuthi igcine izinga lokukhula elihlanganisiwe laminyaka yonke elingu-12% ngo-2030, okuzoqhubekisela phambili intuthuko yemboni yokunamathela okushisayo okwenziwe ngezicathulo.

Ibhalansi Phakathi Kwezindleko Nokusebenza

I. Izinzuzo Eziyinhloko: Izici Eziyinhloko Ezivumelaniswe Nemboni Yokwenza Izicathulo

1. Ukuvikelwa Nokuphepha Kwemvelo: Njengoba isebenzisa ifomula eqinile engu-100%, ayinazo izinyibilikisi noma ama-VOC, futhi ngeke ikhiqize iphunga elibi noma amagesi anobuthi ngesikhathi sokukhiqiza nokusetshenziswa, okuhambisana ngokugcwele nezindinganiso zomhlaba wonke zemvelo kanye nezinqubomgomo zikazwelonke zokuvikelwa kwemvelo. Ayigcini nje ngokunciphisa ukutshalwa kwezimali kokuvikelwa kwemvelo kwamabhizinisi ezicathulo ekuphathweni kwegesi elahliwe kodwa futhi ithuthukisa indawo yokusebenza yeshabhu lokukhiqiza futhi ivikele impilo yomzimba yabasebenzi, ngokuhambisana nomkhuba wokukhiqiza oluhlaza emhlabeni jikelele.

2. Ukusebenza Kahle Kakhulu kanye nokonga Amandla: Incibilika ngokushesha uma ishiswa, isikhathi sokuqala sokupholisa singamasekhondi angu-3-5 kanye namandla okusebenza angamasekhondi angu-10-15, okunciphisa umjikelezo wokukhiqiza ngo-30%-50% uma kuqhathaniswa nezinamathelisi ezisekelwe ku-solvent zendabuko. Ingasetshenziswa ngqo ngemishini yokucindezela ngokushisa ezenzakalelayo, ivumelane nomugqa wokukhiqiza ozenzakalelayo osheshayo wemboni yezicathulo zesimanje, inciphise izixhumanisi zokusebenza ngesandla, ithuthukise ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza, futhi inciphise izindleko zabasebenzi zamabhizinisi.

3. Ukusebenza Kahle Kakhulu Ngezindleko: Izinto zokusetshenziswa eziyinhloko yi-polyurethane (PU), i-polyethylene (PE), kanye namanye ama-polymer, anokutholakala okuningi kwezinto zokusetshenziswa kanye nezindleko zokukhiqiza eziphansi kunezinamathelisi ezisekelwe ku-solvent. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, inokusebenza kahle kokubopha okuphezulu kanye nokulahlekelwa okuphansi kwezinto, okungasiza amabhizinisi ezicathulo ukunciphisa izindleko zokukhiqiza futhi athuthukise ukuncintisana emakethe ngenkathi kuqinisekiswa ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo.

4. Ukuzivumelanisa Nezimo Okubanzi: Ihambisana kahle nezinto ezahlukahlukene zezicathulo ezivamile, okuhlanganisa isikhumba sokwenziwa, isikhumba sangempela, indwangu, i-EVA, irabha, i-TPR, kanye ne-nylon, futhi ingahlangabezana nezidingo zokubopha zezingxenye ezahlukene zezicathulo, ngokuguquguquka okunamandla. Ingacutshungulwa ibe ama-granule, amashidi, nezinye izinhlobo ngokwezidingo zamakhasimende, ivumelane nezinqubo ezahlukene zokucubungula kanye nezidingo zokukhiqiza izicathulo.

II. Ukusebenza Okuyinhloko: Ukuhlangabezana Nezidingo Zokusebenza Zezicelo Zezicathulo

1. Amandla Okubopha Okuqinile: Isebenza kahle kakhulu ekubopheni, ngamandla okuxebuka afinyelela ku-8-12N/cm, edlula kakhulu izinga lomkhakha. Ingakha isibopho esiqinile phakathi kwezinto ezahlukene zezicathulo, ixazulule ngempumelelo izinkinga zekhwalithi ezivamile njengokuqhekeka kwezinyawo kanye nokuqhekeka kwaphezulu emikhiqizweni yezicathulo zendabuko, futhi yandise impilo yesevisi yezicathulo.

2. Ukuzivumelanisa Nezimo Nokumelana Nezinga Lokushisa: Inokuguquguquka okuhle kakhulu futhi ingajwayela ukugoba nokwelula izicathulo ngesikhathi zigqokwa ngaphandle kokuqhekeka noma ukuxebuka. Ingagcina ukusebenza okuzinzile kokubopha ebangeni lokushisa elisukela ku--20℃ kuya ku-80℃, futhi ngeke iqine noma ithambe ngenxa yezinguquko zokushisa, ihlangabezane nezidingo zokusetshenziswa ezindaweni ezahlukene zezulu.

3. Ukumelana Namanzi Nokugqokwa: Imikhiqizo yokunamathela eshisayo eyenziwe ngezicathulo ephezulu inokumelana okuhle kwamanzi, okungavimbela amanzi ukuthi angene engxenyeni yokubopha futhi kuthinte umphumela wokubopha. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, inokumelana okuthile kokugqokwa, okungamelana nokungqubuzana kokuhamba kwansuku zonke futhi kuqinisekise ukuzinza kwesikhathi eside kwengxenye yokubopha.

III. Izicelo Eziyinhloko: Ukumboza Izingxenye Eziningi Zezicathulo

1. Ukubopha Okungaphezulu: Kusetshenziselwa ukubopha izingxenye ezahlukene zengxenye engenhla, njengesivalo sozwane, isithende, kanye ne-vamp, ukuthuthukisa amandla esakhiwo sengxenye engenhla nokuqinisekisa ukuqina kwesimo sengxenye engenhla. Ifaneleka kakhulu ekukhiqizweni kwengxenye engenhla okulula futhi okungenamthungo, okuthuthukisa induduzo nokubukeka kwezicathulo.

2. Ukubopha Ngesinqe: Njengento enamathelayo eyinhloko yokubopha ngesinqe kanye nengaphezulu, ingakha isibopho esiqinile phakathi kwesinqe (i-EVA, irabha, njll.) kanye nengaphezulu, okuqinisekisa ukuzinza nokuqina kwezicathulo. Isetshenziswa kabanzi ezicathulweni zezemidlalo, ezicathulweni ezivamile, ezicathulweni ezisemthethweni, kanye nasezicathulweni zangaphandle.

3. Ukubopha Izingxenye Ezisizayo: Kusetshenziselwa ukubopha izesekeli zezicathulo njenge-insoles, ulimi, kanye nama-shoe pad, kuthuthukisa ukuqina kwezesekeli ngenkathi kugcinwa induduzo yezicathulo. Kungasetshenziswa futhi ukuqinisa indawo ye-eyelet kanye nokuvulwa kwezicathulo, ukunciphisa ukuguguleka kwendwangu kanye nokuthuthukisa impilo yesevisi yezicathulo.

Ukusekelwa Kwenqubomgomo kanye Nokuhlobana Kwesidingo Semakethe

Ukusekelwa okuqinile kwenqubomgomo kuye kwavula indlela yokuthuthukiswa kwemboni yokunamathela okushisayo okwenziwe ngezicathulo. “Uhlelo Lokusebenza Lokuthuthukisa Ikhwalithi Yemboni Yezindwangu (2023-2025)” lwaseShayina lusekela ngokusobala ukuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza obuluhlaza kanye nezinto ezintsha ezinobungani nemvelo, okuhlanganisa nokunamathela okushisayo okwenziwe ngezicathulo. UMnyango Wezimboni Nobuchwepheshe Bolwazi, ngokubambisana noMnyango Wezezimali, utshale izimali ezikhethekile ocwaningweni lwezobuchwepheshe nasekuthuthukisweni nasekusetshenzisweni kwezimboni kokunamathela okushisayo okwenziwe ngezicathulo, okukhuthaza ukuthuthukiswa kwemboni.

Ukukhetha okuluhlaza kohlangothi lwesidingo kuqhubekile nokuqina. Abathengi abangu-67% bazimisele ukukhokha iphrimiyamu engu-5% noma ngaphezulu ngemikhiqizo yezicathulo equkethe izinto ezinobungani nemvelo. Imikhiqizo yamazwe ngamazwe njenge-Nike ne-Adidas inyuse kakhulu inani lezinto ezinobungani nemvelo ezintanjeni zayo zokuhlinzeka, kanti i-hot melt glue eyenziwe ngezicathulo, njenge-adhesive enobungani nemvelo, isibe ukukhetha okubalulekile kwale mikhiqizo. Inani lokusetshenziswa kwezinto zokusetshenziswa eziphinde zasetshenziswa ku-hot melt glue eyenziwe ngezicathulo lifinyelele ku-35% ngo-2024, futhi lizoqhubeka nokukhula esikhathini esizayo, lithuthukisa kakhulu ukuncintisana kwezemvelo komkhiqizo.

Isiphetho

Njengamanje, inhlaka yokunamathela encibilikayo eyenziwe ngezicathulo isesikhathini esibucayi "sokujulisa ukuguqulwa kokuvikelwa kwemvelo, ukufeza impumelelo kwezobuchwepheshe, kanye nokuthuthukisa isidingo semakethe". Izinzuzo zayo eziphelele ekuvikelweni kwemvelo, ukusebenza kahle, izindleko, kanye nokusebenza zenze kwaba ukukhetha okubalulekile kwamabhizinisi akhiqiza izicathulo ukunciphisa izindleko, ukwandisa ukusebenza kahle, kanye nokuthuthukisa ukuncintisana komkhiqizo. Ngokuthuthuka okuqhubekayo kwesayensi yezinto ezibonakalayo kanye nokuguqulwa okujulile kwemboni yezicathulo, imboni yenhlaka yokunamathela encibilikayo eyenziwe ngezicathulo ibhekene nokukhula kwezinga kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwekhwalithi, ngomzila wokukhula obikezelwa kakhulu.

Kumabhizinisi ezimboni, kubalulekile ukubamba izitayela zokwenziwa kwemikhiqizo ibe luhlaza kanye nobuhlakani, futhi kuthuthukiswe njalo inani lomkhiqizo kanye nomthelela womkhiqizo ngokuthuthukisa izinto zokusetshenziswa, ucwaningo lwezobuchwepheshe kanye nentuthuko, kanye nokwandiswa kwemakethe. Esikhathini esizayo, inhlaka encibilikisayo eyenziwe ngezicathulo ngeke ibe yinto eyisisekelo kuphela yokukhiqiza izicathulo kodwa futhi izodlala indima ebalulekile ekukhuthazeni intuthuko esimeme yemboni yezicathulo kanye nokuhlangabezana nezidingo zekhwalithi ephezulu zabathengi.